测试的时候发现项目中的LoadingCache没有刷新,但是明明调用了refresh方法了。后来发现LoadingCache是不支持缓存null值的,如果load回调方法返回null,则在get的时候会抛出异常。

通过几个例子开看这个问题:

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public void test_loadNull() {
LoadingCache<String, String> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.maximumSize(10)
.build(new CacheLoader<String, String>() {
@Override
public String load(String s) throws Exception {
System.out.println("xx");
if (s.equals("hello"))
return "world";
else
return null;
}
});

try {
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

// get触发load,load返回null则抛出异常:
// com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key other_key.
System.out.println(stringCache.get("other_key"));
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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public void test_loadNullWhenRefresh() {
LoadingCache<String, String> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.maximumSize(10)
.build(new CacheLoader<String, String>() {
int i = 0;

@Override
public String load(String s) throws Exception {
if (i == 0) {
i++;
return "world";
}
return null;
}
});

try {
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

// refresh的时候,如果load函数返回null,则refresh抛出异常:
// Exception thrown during refresh
// com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key hello.
stringCache.refresh("hello");

System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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public void test_loadNullAfterInvalidate() {
LoadingCache<String, String> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.maximumSize(10)
.build(new CacheLoader<String, String>() {
int i = 0;

@Override
public String load(String s) throws Exception {
if (i == 0) {
i++;
return "world";
}
return null;
}
});

try {
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

// invalidate不会触发load
stringCache.invalidate("hello");

// invalidate后,再次get,触发load,抛出异常:
// com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException: CacheLoader returned null for key hello.
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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public void test_loadThrowException() {
LoadingCache<String, String> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.maximumSize(10)
.build(new CacheLoader<String, String>() {
@Override
public String load(String s) throws Exception {
if (s.equals("hello"))
return "world";
else
throw new IllegalArgumentException("only_hello");
}
});

try {
System.out.println(stringCache.get("hello"));

// get触发load,load抛出异常,get也会抛出封装后的异常:
// com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: only_hello
System.out.println(stringCache.get("other_key"));
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

所以如果你需要缓存“空”值,推荐的做法是使用Optional对象来封装结果:

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public void test_loadUseOptional() {
LoadingCache<String, Optional<String>> stringCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.maximumSize(10)
.build(new CacheLoader<String, Optional<String>>() {
@Override
public Optional<String> load(String s) throws Exception {
if (s.equals("hello"))
return Optional.of("world");
else
return Optional.absent();
}
});

try {
Optional<String> hello = stringCache.get("hello");
if(hello.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(hello.get());
}

Optional<String> otherKey = stringCache.get("other_key");
if(otherKey.isPresent()){
System.out.println(otherKey.get());
}
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

如果你的场景中认为null是不存在的,那么你可以在load函数中抛出异常,这个异常会通过get抛出。

另外还有一个问题,如果是key==null呢?答案是直接抛出java.lang.NullPointerException。Guava对于null是很不待见的。

参考资料